Last Update: 05/26/2022
The torsional rigidity is a critical parameter for a vehicle, which measures how many force you need to apply to “twist” the car body frame by one degree. Of course the larger of this value, the better.
From the consumer’s perspective, what is the benefit of a high torsional rigidity car body? A vehicle with high torsion rigidity will give the driver and passenger a more “solid” feel when the car is running, especially when the road is bumpy and has lots of potholes on it. The cabin will has less rattling and popping noises because the car body has less twist and flex when there are forces transmitted from the suspension.
Because of the above benefits, generally speaking luxury cars and sports cars usually has higher torsional rigidity.
Unfortunately many automakers does not published this data for their products, even their products are proved to be have very good torsional rigidity. Some automakers disclose the data, but they do not advertise it, or publicly claim this selling point.
The data in the below list is collected by YouWheel.com editor from various sources and research. Some values are explicitly disclosed by the manufacturer, some are implicitly derived by multiple sources. We try our best to make it accurate, however we cannot guarantee it is 100% error free.
Data are all from credible sources. For example major US/European auto industry media publications – either electronic version or paper version (such as MotorTrend, Car and Driver etc); or industry association documents (for example Steel Market Development Institute, SAE etc.); or interview articles with personnels of specific auto makers.
All values’ unit is in Nm/deg.
Acura
Acura MDX – 2014 model 12.4% more than 2013 model, 2007 model 20% better than 2006 model, 2003 model 35% more than 2002 model
Acura RDX – 2008 model (39% HSS) exceeds 2007 BMW X3; 2014 model 24% better
Acura RLX (2014) – 47% better than previous RL
Acura TL (1998) – 70% better than previous generation
Alfa Romeo
Alfa Romeo 147 3-door 16,600
Alfa Romeo 156 19,200
Alfa Romeo 159 31,400
Alfa Romeo Giulia (Type 952, 2017 – ) 35,000
Aston Martin
Aston Martin DB9 Convertible 15,500
Aston Martin DB9 Coupe 27,000
Aston Martin DBX (2020 – ) 27,000 Source
Aston Martin Rapide 28,000
Aston Martin Vantage Roaster 21,000
Aston Martin Vantage Coupe 27,273
Aston Martin Vanquish 28,500
Audi
Audi A2 11,900
Audi A4 (B7, 2005 – 2008) 22,000
Audi A4 (B8, 2009 – 2016) 23,100
Audi A5 (1st gen) 22,700
Audi A8 (D2, 1997 – 2003) 25,000
Audi A8 (D3, 2004 – 2010) 36,000
Audi A8 (D4, 2011 – ) 38,230 Source
Audi R8 (2014 – ) 40,000
Audi TT Coupe Mk1 19,000
Audi TT Coupe Mk2 28,500
Audi TT Roadster Mk1 10,000
Bentley
Bentley Azure 18,000
Bentley Flying Spur (2013) 36,500
BMW
BMW E30 M3 (race car w/roll cage) 23,500 (data source the same as F80 M3)
BMW E36 M3 10,900
BMW E36 Z3 5,600
BMW E39 5-Series 24,000
BMW E46 Convertible 10,500
BMW E46 Coupe (w/folding seats) 12,500
BMW E46 Sedan (w/folding seats) 13,000
BMW E46 Sedan (w/o folding seats) 18,000
BMW E46 Wagon (w/folding seats) 14,000
BMW E46 M3 GTR (w/roll cage) 46,000 (data source the same as F80 M3)
BMW E60 5-Series 24,200 (16,250 from JLR source) (1st bending: 45.6 Hz; 1st torsional: 44.7 Hz)
BMW E63 6-Series Coupe 28,000
BMW E64 6-Series Convertible 15,000
BMW E53 X5 23,100
BMW E70 X5 28,000
BMW E71 X6 29,000 source
BMW E83 X3 21,400 (w/o panoramic sunroof); 19,000 (w/ panoramic sunroof) source
BMW E85 Z4 16,000
BMW E85 Z4 Coupe 32,000
BMW E85 Z4 M 16,000
BMW E85 Z4 M Coupe 32,000
BMW E52 Z8 10,500
BMW E90 3-Series 22,500
BMW E90 3-Series Convertible 15,750
BMW F07 5GT 31,500 (w/o sunroof); 27,500 (w/ sunroof)
BMW F10 5-Series 30,200 (bending 9,300)
BMW F12 6-Series Convertible 22,500
BMW F13 6-Series Coupe 43,000
BMW F15 X5 29,400
BMW F25 X3 30,000 (w/o sunroof); 26,000 (w/ sunroof)
BMW F30 3-Series 29,300
BMW F80 M3 40,000 YouTube Link (10’57”, screenshot below)
BMW E65 7-Series (2002 – 2008) 31,200 (1st bending moment: 26 Hz, torsional moment: 29 Hz) Official Document Full Document (page 10) Link
BMW F01 7-Series (2009 – ) 37,500 Official Document Full Document (page 10)
BMW G20 3-Series 36,500 (w/ sunroof)
Bugatti
Bugatti EB110 19,000
Bugatti Veyron 60,000
Bugatti Veyron Grand Sport 22,000
Bugatti Chiron 50,000
Buick
Buick Enclave (2008 – ) 25,900
Cadillac
Cadillac ATS (2013 – ) 29,000 (1st bending mode: 30.7 Hz)
Cadillac CTS Sedan (2008 – 2013) 19,143 (base – no sunroof); 17,400 (w/ sunroof)
Cadillac CTS Sport Wagon (2012 – 2014) 18,416 (3.8% less than sedan)
Cadillac CTS (2014 – ) 26,800 (base – no sunroof); 24,700 (w/ sunroof)
Cadillac CT6 (2016 – ) 36,600 (1st bending mode: 31.5 Hz) Link 1 Link 2
Chevrolet
Chevrolet Camaro Convertible (2011 – 2015) 18 Hz (torsional, dynamic), 21 Hz (bending, dynamic) Link
Chevrolet Cobalt 19,300
Chevrolet Corvette C5 9,100
Chevrolet Corvette C7 (2014 – ) 14,500
Chevrolet Cruze 17,660
Chevrolet Malibu (8th-gen, 2013 – 2016) 23,000 (w/o moonroof)
Chevrolet Malibu (9th-gen, 2016 -) 23,600 (w moonroof)
Chrysler
Chrysler 300 (LX platform, 2005 – 2010) 17,897 (13,200 lb-ft/deg, 1st torsional moment: 40 Hz, 1st bending moment: 48 Hz) Link 1 Link 2
Chrysler 300M (LH platform, 1999 – 2004) 16,948 (12,500 lb-ft/deg)
Chrysler Crossfire 20,140
Chrysler Durango (not the latest generation) 6,800
Chrysler Pacifica (2017 – ) 22,900 (1st torsional mode: 30.5 Hz; 1st bending mode: 37.6 Hz) Link
Chrysler Sebring Convertible (FJ/JX, 1996 – 2000) 4,400
Chrysler Town & Country (5th-gen, 2008 – 2016) 12,200 (1st torsional mode: 26.9 Hz; 1st bending mode: 32.2 Hz)
Daewoo
Daewoo Lanos (1999 – 2002) 10,500
Daewoo Nubira (1999 – 2002) 14,500
Dodge
Dodge Neon (1st gen, 1995 – 1999) 6,000
Dodge Neon (2nd gen, 2000 – 2005) 8,300
Dodge Viper Coupe (2008 – 2010) 7,600
Dodge Viper GTS-R 25,082
Dodge SRT Viper (2013 – ) 11,400
Ferrari
Ferrari 355 10,000 (bending 7,100)
Ferrari 360 Modena 23,000 (bending 10,100)
Ferrari 360 Spider 13,800
Ferrari 430 27,600
Ferrari 430 Convertible 10,200
Ferrari 458 33,120
Ferrari 458 Spider 23,184 (70% of the Coupe)
Ferrari 550 Barchetta Pininfarina 14,711
Ferrari F50 34,600
FIAT
FIAT Bravo 10,800
FIAT Tempra Sedan 6,700
FIAT Brava 9,100
FIAT Bravo 10,600
Fisker
Fisker Karma 35,000 (bending: 23,000)
Ford
Ford Explorer (5th gen, U502, 2011 – 2019) 23,800
Ford Fiesta 3-door (3rd gen, 1989 – 1997) 6,500
Ford Focus 3-door 19,600
Ford Focus 5-door 17,900
Ford Fusion (2010 – 2012) 17,453 (1,000 kNm/rad) Link
Ford Fusion (2013 – ) 19,286 (1,105 kNm/rad) Link Full document part 1 part 2
Ford GT 27,100
Ford GT40 MkI 17,000
Ford Maverick 4,400
Ford Mustang 2003 16,000
Ford Mustang 2005 21,000
Ford Mustang Convertible (2003) 4,800
Ford Mustang Convertible (2005) 9,500
Genesis
Genesis G80 (2017 -) 39,400 (bending 11,600)
Genesis G90 (2017 – ) 42,930
GMC
GMC Acadia (2007 – ) 25,900
Holden
VE Commodore: 50% higher than VZ Reference Material
VF Commodore: 5-6% higher than VE
Honda
Honda Accord Coupe (2008) – 20% better than 2007 model
Honda Accord Sedan (2008 – 2012, 8th-Gen) 16,440 (actual test), 21,667 (CAE simulation) Link
Honda Accord Sedan (2013 – 2017, 9th-Gen) 23,345
Honda Accord Sedan (2018 – , 10th-Gen) 37,700
Honda Civic Hatchback (6th-Gen, EK) 10,700
Honda Civic Sedan (NA market 9th-Gen, 2012 – 2015) 28,800 (N/mm – attention: N/mm is different than nm/deg)
Honda Civic Sedan (NA market 10th-Gen, 2016 – ) 35,975 (N/mm) Source (p.28)
Honda Odyssey (5th-gen, 2018 – ) +44% from 4th-gen
Honda Ridgeline (2nd-gen, 2017 – ) + 28% from 1st-gen
Honda S2000 (1st-Gen, AP1) 7,100
Hyundai
Hyundai Genesis Coupe (2010 – ) 22,500
Hyundai Genesis Sedan (2009 – 2014) 33,966
Hyundai Genesis Sedan (2015 -) 39,400 (bending 11,600)
Hyundai Sonata (2006 – 2010) 14,600
Hyundai i40/Sonata (US market) (2011 – ) 35,300 Part 1 link (page 18) Part 2 link
Infiniti
Infiniti G Sedan (2003 – 2006) 46.6 Hz (1st bending), 55.6 (1st torsional)
Infiniti G Sedan (2007 – 2013) 23,000
Infiniti M Sedan (2006 – 2010) 52 Hz (1st bending), 58.1 (1st torsional)
Jaguar
Jaguar E-Pace (2018 – ) 28,700 Source
Jaguar I-Pace (2019 – ) 36,000 Source
Jaguar F-Type Convertible (2014 – ) 18,000 Link
Jaguar F-Type Coupe (2015 – ) 33,000
Jaguar X-Type Estate 16,319
Jaguar X-Type Sedan 22,000
Jaguar XF (X250, 2007 – 2015) ~17,300
Jaguar XF (X260, 2016 – ) 22,000 (28% higher than X250)
Jaguar XJ (X350, 2004 – 2009) 21,700
Jaguar XK (X100, 1996 – 2006) 16,000
Jaguar XKR-S Coupe (X150, 2011 – ) 28,400 Link (p.13)
Jeep
Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2, 2010-) 23,000 (bending stiffness: 10,200 N/mm) Link
Koenigsegg
Koenigsegg 28,100
Koenigsegg Agera 58,000
Koenigsegg Agera R 65,000
Koenigsegg CC8 28,100
Lamborghini
Lamborghini Gallardo 23,000
LamborghiniMurcielago 20,000
Lamborghini Aventador 35,000
Lamborghini Countach 2,600
Lamborghini Gallardo Super Trofeo Stradale 35,000
Land Rover
Land Rover Freelander (L314) 17,360 source (p.25)
Land Rover Freelander 2 (L359) 28,000
Land Rover Range Rover (L322, 2003 – 2012) 32,000
Land Rover Defender (L663, 2020 – ) 29,000 source
Lexus
Lexus LFA 39,130
Lexus LS460 – 2013 model 60% more than 2012 model
Lincoln
Lincoln Continental (2017 – ) 30,712 (1,760 kNm/rad, base roof), 20,766 (1,190 kNm/rad, w/dual-panel moonroof) Source (p.27)
Lotus
Lotus 33 3,253
Lotus Elan 7,900
Lotus Elan GRP body 8,900
Lotus Elise 10,000
Lotus Elise 111s 11,000
Lotus Elise S2 Exige (2004) 10,500
Lotus Esprit SE Turbo 5,850
Lotus Evora 26,600
Lotus SID Concept 16,000
Lynk & Co
Lynk 01 23,500 (w/ sunroof); 26,500 (w/o sunroof)
Maserati
Maserati Coupe/4200 GT 23,000
Maserati Quattroporte (5th-gen, M139, 2005 – 2013) 31,360 Link
Mazda
Mazda CX-5 (2013 – 2016) 27,000
Mazda CX-5 (2017 – ) 31,185 (15.5% increase, source from Mazda press release)
Mazda MX-5 (NA, 1990 – 1993) 4,881
Mazda MX-5 (NA, 1994 – 1998) 5,152
Mazda MX-5 (NB, 1999 – 2000) 5,219 (+1.3% torsional; +7.6% bending; +35% dynamic torsional)
Mazda MX-5 (NB, 2001 – 2005) 6,367 (16-in wheels: +22% torsional; +16% bending); 5,532 (15-in wheels: +6% torsional; +13% bending);
Mazda MX-5 (NC, 2006 – 2008) 8,132 (+47% torsional; +22% bending. See press release)
Mazda MX-5 (NC, 2009 – 2015) ?
Mazda MX-5 (ND, 2016 – current) ?
Mazda RX-7 (FB) 9150
Mazda RX-7 (FC) 10500
Mazda RX-7 (FD) 15000
Mazda RX-8 30,000
McLaren
McLaren F1 13,500
Lexus
MG ZT 24,000
MG MGF 7,100
MG MGTF 8,500
Mercedes-Benz
Mercedes R230 SL-class (2006) 17,000 (top down), 21,000 (top up)
Mercedes R230 SL-class (2012) 16,399
Mercedes R231 SL-class (2013) 19,400
Mercedes W210 E-class ~19,500 (18% less than W211)
Mercedes W211 E-class ~23,000 (30% less than W212)
Mercedes W212 E-class 29,920
Mercedes W221 S-class 27,500
Mercedes W222 S-class 40,500
Mercedes W463 G-class (1990 – 2018, 1st-Gen) 6,537
Mercedes W463 G-class (2019 – , 2nd-Gen) 10,162
MINI
MINI Cooper (2003) 24,500
MINI Cooper Convertible (1st gen) 9,000
NIO
NIO ES6 44,930
NIO ES8 31,100 (w/o battery); 44,140 (w/ battery)
Nissan
Nissan Maxima (8th-gen, A36, 2016 – ) 25%+ (7th-gen base), 6%+ (7th-gen sport) source
Nissan Micra 3-door (K11, 1992 – 2003) 4,000
Nissan Sunny (B14, 1993 – 1998) 8,200
Nissan Prairie (M11, 1988-1998) 7,500
Opel
Opel Astra G 3-door (1998 – 2004) 10,500
Opel Astra G 5-door (1998 – 2004) 11,700
Opel Astra G Sedan (1998 – 2004) 11,900
Opel Corsa B 3-door (1993 – 2000) 6,500
Opel Corsa C 3-door (2000 – 2012) 8,000
Opel Omega B2 (1999 – 2003) 13,000
Opel Vectra A 6,000
Opel Vectra B 12,000
Opel Vectra C 18.000
Pagani
Pagani Zonda C12 S 26,300
Pagani Zonda F 27,000
Pagani Zonda Roadster 18.000
Porsche
Porsche 718 Boxster 19,000
Porsche 718 Cayman 41,000
Porsche 911 Cabriolet 991 (2012) 11,699
Porsche 911 Carrera GT 26,000
Porsche 911 Carrera Type 997 33,000
Porsche 911 Coupe 991 (2012 -2018) 30,359
Porsche 911 Coupe 992 (2019 – ) 39,000 Source
Porsche 911 Turbo (2000) 13,500
Porsche 911 Turbo 996 27,000
Porsche 911 Turbo 996 Convertible 11,600
Porsche 959 12,900
Porsche 987 Cayman 31,500
Porsche 987 Boxster 12,600
Porsche Carrera GT 26,000
Renault
Renault Sport Spider 10,000
Renault Twingo I (1993 – 2007) 14,200
Rolls-Royce
Rolls-Royce Phantom 40,500
Rover
Rover 600 20,800 (1st torsional vibration: 60 Hz) link
Saab
Saab 9-3 Convertible (2008 – 2012) 11,500
Saab 9-3 Sport Sedan (2008 – 2011) 22,000
Saab 9-3 SportCombi (2008 – 2011) 20,548
Saleen
Saleen S7 45,000
Saturn
Saturn Outlook (2007 – 2009) 25,900
Subaru
Subaru Impreza WRX (2nd-Gen, 2002 – 2007) 23,000
Subaru Impreza (4th-Gen, 2012 – ) 24,500
Tesla
[Note: Model 3/Y/S data comes from an European auto maker’s internal testing]
Tesla Model 3 15,500 (w/o battery); 20,600 (w/ battery)
Tesla Model Y 19,600 (w/o battery); 21,700 (w/battery)
Tesla Model S 26,000 (w/o battery); 39,000 (w/ battery); 1st torsional moment: 42 Hz
Tesla Model X <22,465 (note: in NIO ES6 debut, NIO CEO mentioned ES6’s torsional rigidity is more than 2X of Model X)
Toyota
Toyota Camry (XV70, 2017 – ) 32,000 (w/o sunroof)
Toyota Celica (T230, 2000 – 2005) 13,600
Toyota Corolla 3-door hatchback (E110) 10,500
Toyota Mark X (2004 – 2009) 16,000
Toyota Starlet (80 Series) 7,600
Toyota Supra (5th gen) 39,000
Volvo
Volvo S60 (2001 – 2009) 20,000
Volvo S60 (2011 – ) 29,400 (47% increase of previous generation)
Volvo S80 18,600
Volvo XC90 (2003 – 2014) 21,400
Volvo XC90 (2016 – ) 27,392 (28% increase from first generation)
Volkswagen
VW Beetle (2012 – ) 26,000
VW Fox 17,941
VW Passat Estate (B6) 23,000
VW Passat Estate (B7, European market, 2010 – ) 25,000 Link
VW Passat Saloon (B7, European market, 2010 – ) 30,000
VW Phaeton 37,000
VW Golf IV 3-door 19,600
VW Golf IV 5-door 17,600
VW Golf V 18,400
VW Golf V GTI 25,000
VW Touareg (2008 – 2010) 36,900
—
Want to read more interesting technical topics in the automobile industry? See our famous Technical Talk section, covering all aspects in automotible design, including engine, suspension, braking system, body structure, and also all kinds of AWD mechanisms.
———–Modification Log———–
04/25/2014: added Hyundai Genesis Sedan, Cadillac ATS/CTS, GMC Acadia/Saturn Outlook/Buick Enclave
04/30/2014: added Infiniti G Sedan, Toyota Mark X, Mazda CX-5
05/06/2014: added VW Beetle
05/07/2014: added 2013+ Dodge Viper
05/12/2014: added Ford Fusion 2010-2012, 2013
05/30/2014: added Aston Martin Vantage Roaster and Coupe
06/04/2014: added Saab 9-3 convertible
06/12/2014: added B7 Passate wagon/sedan, Hyundai Genesis Coupe, 4th-gen Impreza, 1st-gen Touareg, Lotus 33, Mazda MX-5, MG ZT/MGF/MGTF
06/13/2014: added Audi A4 (B7, B8), BMW Z8
07/16/2014: added Jeep Grand Cherokee document
08/25/2014: added BMW E30 M3 race car, E46 M3 GTR and F80 M3
10/30/2014: added Hyundai Sonata/i40 (06 – 10, and 11 – )
02/27/2015: added Jaguar X150 XKR-S (2011 – )
04/13/2015: added Subaru Impreza WRX 2nd-Gen, Opel Vectra, Pagani Zonda Roadster, FIAT Bravo
05/01/2015: added official document to BMW F01 and E65 7 Series
09/02/2015: added Saab 9-3 sport sedan, corrected the SportCombi’s number
09/11/2015: added 2016 Volvo XC90
09/16/2015: added 8th and 9th-gen Honda Accord, Alfa Romeo 147, 156, Honda Civic 6th-gen, Dodge Viper GTS-R, Opel Vectra A/B, Porsche Carrera GT, Toyota Celica, VW Golf
10/01/2015: added 1st-gen Chrysler 300, 3rd-Gen Infiniti G, M sedans
12/14/2015: added D3 and D4 generations of Audi A8
02/13/2016: added 5th-gen Camaro Convertible, Jaguar F-Type Convertible, Tesla Model S, BMW E63/64, F12/13, Lotus Evora
02/19/2016: added Corvette C7
02/27/2016: added Cadillac CTS Wagon, Saleen S7, Lotus SID Concept, Jaguar XJ (X350), Chrysler Sebring Convertible, Dodge Neon, Ferrari 430 Convertible, Ferrari 550 Barchetta Pininfarina, Daewoo Lanos, Daewoo Nubira, FIAT Tempra, Brava, Bravo, Ford Fiesta 3-door, Ford Maverick, Nissan Sunny, Nissan Micra, Nissan Prairie, Opel Astra, Opel Corsa, Opel Omega B2, Renault Twingo I, Toyota Starlet, Toyota Corolla
03/10/2016: added Jaguar XF (X250 and X260)
03/11/2016: added Range Rover (L322)
03/31/2016: added Chevrolet Malibu (8th-gen and 9th-gen)
04/28/2016: added E83 and F25 BMW X3
04/29/2016: added Rover 600
07/24/2016: added Porsche 987 Cayman, Holden VE/VF
10/05/2016: added Maserati Coupe/4200 GT
10/27/2016: updated all generation of Mazda MX-5
11/15/2016: added 2017+ Mazda CX-5
12/25/2016: added 9th and 10th generation Honda Civic sedan
12/27/2016: added 2017+ Lincoln Continental
05/13/2018: added Chrysler Town & Country (5th-gen), Pacifica (2017 -), BMW E71 X6, Cadillac CT6
05/14/2018: added Chrysler LH platform
01/20/2019: added Mercedes G-class (1 & 2 Gen), Bugatti Chiron
10/09/2019: added NIO ES6, Tesla Model X
10/17/2019: added NIO ES8
11/08/2019: added Aston Martin DBX, Porsche 911 Carrera Type 992, 718 Boxster/Cayman, 987 Boxster/Cayman
11/10/2019: added Jaguar E-Pace, I-Pace
11/17/2019: updated 2nd/3rd gen Cadillac CTS; added Alfa Romeo Giulia (952)
09/28/2021: update Tesla Model 3/Y/S, Lynk 01, Audi A5, Honda Accord, Toyota Camry, Supra, BMW G20, Ford Explorer
05/26/2022: added Land Rover Defender (L663); Land Rover Freelander (L314)
